Heating system.



E. GOLD;

HEATING SYSTEM. APPLICATION FILED FEB.15,1910.

1,087,164, Patented Feb. 17, 1914.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

F la v S INVENTOR 6M M71, WITNESSES:

E. E. GOLD. 1 HEATING SYSTEM. I

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 15, 1910. I v

Patented Feb. 17, 1914.

9 SHEETS-:SHEET 5.

Le e INVENTOR Mei B.E.GOLD. HEATING SYSTEM.

APPLIOATIQN FILED IIBB. 15,1910.

Patented Feb. 17, 1914.

9 SHEETS-SHEET e.'

' INVENTOR mum! WITNESSES:

' E. E. GOLD.

HEATING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED FBB.15,1910.

Patented Feb. 17, 1914.

9 sums-sum 1.

WITNESSE3:

B. E. GOLD.

HEATING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 15, 1910 1 Patented Feb. 17,1914.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 8.

INVENTOR 6W aw,

WITNESSES:

E. E. GOLD.

HEATING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED FEB.15,1910.

H. mm 3 mm dw m9 n mu a P 3 wk m wa I r- \I 7 0 I J N 4 6 1 7 8 O 1 Fig. 20.

rfllll/fflld -I INVEN-TOR 1 WITNESSES:

martin PATENT OFFICE.

EDWA'RD com), or YORK, N. Y., assisnon TD GOLD cannnarmea LIGHTING COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

HEATING SYSTEM.

specification of fitters Patent.

Patented Feb. 17, 1914.

To all wiwmfz 't may) concern Be it known thatI, EnwAizn E: Grow, a

' citizen of the United States, residing in the borough of Manhattan, city, county, and State of NewYork, havev invented certain new. 'and useful Improvements in Heating Systems,of which the following is a specification;

, In applicationfor patent for an improvement in thermostatic mechanism, No. 582,369 (Patent No. -1,077,22i),'1 have described a' steam heating system for'railway cars of the interchangeable type; that is to say,,which may be arranged to work automatically as a pressure systei'nz utihzing the pressure 'ofa t-rain-pip'e-or other source ofi steam uiidenpress'ure, -oif as a vapor system using the steam at approximately atmospheric or lower pressure. The present application is based chiefly upon the same system and apparatus. It will be understood, however, that theapparatus is applicableto otherfields than the heating of railway cars, and that it contains features and combinations which areseparately valuable as here inafter claimed.

This invention is applicable to direct or indirect radiating systems, and the term radiator is applied to the steam pipes whether their heat isratliated directly into the atmosphere to be warmed or through the intermedlation-o'fa body of water surroundtion.

ing them, or otherwise. The admission and exhaust valves may be normally either open or shut, and mayassume their normal positions under the influence of steam pressure,

The ahcompanying drawings illustrate embodiments of the invent-ion,

Figure 1 is a perspective of the principal parts of the. system applied to the heating of a railway car. Figz 2 isarplan otan adjusting handle set in the floor of the can. Fig. 3,is ahori'zontal sectionthrough the 'thermost-atiedevic'e and adjacent parts, the

system being adjusted for pressure opera-.

being adjusted for vapbioperation. Fig. 5 is a sectioh approximately on the line 5%5 of Fig. A." F ig; 6 is a view similar to Fig. 4 with the dispharge valve rendered useless so as to" convert the system from Fig. =1 is-ja simlilar viewythe system' aninterchangeable one into one which is solely a Vapor system. Fig.7 is a horizontal I section illustrating a modified detail serving the same purpose. 1 Fig. 8 is a plan of the -adjusting handle for the apparatus of Figs. '6 and 7 Fig. 9. is a similar view to Fig. 6 showing the admission valve rendered inoperative so as to .convert the system from an interchangeable one into one which operates solely as a pressure system. Fig. 10 is a horizontal section of a modified detail for efi'ect-ingthe same' result. Fig. 11 is a plan of the floor plate and handle for such a modified construction. Fig. 12 is a vertical sectional Viewthrough the thermostat and valves. ig. 13 is a similarview showing thesubstit-ution-of a drip'valve for the automatic discharge. trap of Fig. 12. n Fig. 14; is a horizontal section through the discharge pipe showing another arrangement ofthe gravity trap. Fig. 15 is a view similar to'Fig'. 1 showing the application of the invention to an indirect. heating system. Fig. 16 is a vertical sectional view similar to Fig. 12but showing a variant of the thermostat. F ig. 17 is a;similar sectional view showing another variant of the thermostat. Figs. 18-, 1 9 and 20 are respectively vertical longitudinal, horizontal and transverse sections of a slightly yaried construction, Fig.

venti'on illustrated,- A is the train-pipe carrying the snpply'of steam to the several cars. It is provided" beneath the floor B of 'th'e car with a pair of branches C, one running t'o' each side of the car, and each conn'ect'ed by a yertical branch D passing through the floor of the car, andahorizontal branch E with the radiator F. A hand-operated stop-valve G is arranged within the car for usewhen the supply of steam is to be cut off entirely from the radiator. In the hhrizontal branch .C below the floor of the car is an automatic admission valve indicated as a whole by the letter .H. This valve may be automatically controlled by thermostatic, mechanism in a casing J, in which also is theaischarge valve to which the discharging steam and water of condensation are led through the inclinedbranch K within the I car, the vertical branch L passing through the floor of the car and the inclined branch M beneath thecar. Ihe controlling mecha-' nism in the casing J is manipulated by means of a vertical shaft N passing upward through the floor of the car, and provided within the car with a handle N by which it can'be turnedabout 180 degrees. The handle N for example may be located near or set down into the floor of the car and surrounded by a ring N the handle carrying a pointer and the ring carrying marks to in dicate the desired positions such, for example, as Pressure, Blow-off and Vapor. When the handle is turned in one position the system operates under pressure. When turned in the opposite position the system operates as a vapor system. In the intermediate position the system is blown out by the holding of both the admission and the discharge valves open.

, \Vithin the casing J of the regulating apparatus is'athermostat comprising, in this case, a vessel 0 of sheet metal carrying ether or other highly volatile liquid adapted to be vaporized and to expand the walls of the vessel when a sufficient temperature is ap plied thereto. The discharge valve P closes against a seat Q which is fastened in one end of the casing J, and which is fastened also to the discharge pipe M of the radiator. The discharge valve 1? is provided with an extension R adapted to he engaged by one of the flat walls of the thermostat and to transmit the outward movement of said wall to the valve; The valve tends normally to assume an open position under the expansion of a helicoidal spring S. The admission valve proper T is provided with a similar helicoidal spring U tending to hold the valve normally open. A stem V of the valve'extends into the casing J and is provided there with a head W adapted to engage the opposite flat face of the thermostat and to transmit the motion thereof to the valve. The stem V of the admission valve passes through the head of the valve casing, to which is connected by four tappet screws or in. any other suitable way, a ring X having a spider or a set of arms Y connected with the casing J, so that the casing J of the regulating apparatus the admission valve and its seat, and the discharge valve and its seat, are held together in a unitary structure which can be readily applied upon existing systems by merely intercalating the admission valve in the horizontal admission branch, and connecting the discharge pipe of the system with the opposite end of the easing J. I

The conversion of the system from a pressure system to a vapor system or vice versa is effected by means of the vertical shaft N, the turning of which in one direction forces the member R against the corresponding ocales face of the thermostat and holds it there r (Fig. i), while leaving the member ll and the admission valve free to move under the expansion of the thermostat. The turning of the shaft in the npposite direction holds and, supposing the thermostatic liquid to be vaporized as soon as any steam passes through the discharge port, converting the system into one in which the quantity of steam admitted is limited to only such a quantity as will be condensed in the radia tor and discharge pipes. In the second po-' sition (Fig.- 3)'the admission valve is held fixedly open and the discharge valve is free, so that the system is converted into an or dinary pressure syst m in which when the. steam escapes at the discharge there is an expansion of the thermostat and a closing of the discharge valve for a snflicient length of time to permit the accumulation of asmall quantity of water of condensation, whereupon the cooling of the thermostat permits the discharge valve to reopen and discharge the water of condensation which is followed by steam which closes the valve again as before. The movements above described are transmitted from the reversing shaft N by means of an eccentric Z carried on the lower end thereof within the casing. This eccentric actuates the head W of the admission valve spindle V directly, being arranged in a vertical opening through said head, and which opening is of a width slightly greater than the diameter of the eccentric, Thus when the eccentric is in the position of Fig. 3 it holds the admission valve wide open. lVhen the eccentric is iii the opposite position (Fig. 4) the admission valve is released, and by reason of the play between the eccentric and the opening in the head W, the admission valve may be closed by the expansion of the thermostat. The discharge valve is controlled by similarly holding or releasing its head R. For this purpose an oblong ring a is arranged in a plane transverse to that of the thermostatic vessel 0 and surrounding the' lat ter, and transmits the movement of the eccentric to the head R of the exhaust valve.

, At points in line with the axis of the thermostat the ring a is divided so as to form smaller rings, 1), 0, at the opposite sides respectively, and which smallerrings are parallel with the thermostat. The ring I) surrounds a flange on the head R- of the discharge valve, so that when the ring a is shifted to the left it holds this head It stationary, The ring 0 passes about the head W and is provided with slots above and the eccentrie'Z fits trig; 12 New when the eccen- I arrangement of the parts is similar to that tries are in the position of Figg 3, beside s holding the admission valve fixedly open, they release the head R from control by the ring a; and in the position of Fig. '4 the ring a is shifted to the left to bring the .rinibagamst the flange of the head B so as chi the discharge valve fixedly open, the admission valve being freed as previously explained. The horizontal ring a issupported at opposite sides upon lugse on the side walls of thecasing J.

For the purpose of rendering the operation of the trap more readily responsive to the conditions of the outside atmosphere,

so that it will contract. promptly after hav-- ing been expanded to cut ofi the steam, the casing is arranged to induce a current of air iiig con'tact with the thermostatic vessel. The

shovvii'in my Patent No. 507,268 of October 24,' 1893; and others. relatlng to thermostatic steam traps." The discharge of the water of condensationian'd any escaping steam is by way of the valve P; whence the steam is com ditcted to the face of the thermostatic vessel and the water runs off through an opening f in the bottom of the casing. This same opening admits air for ventilation or quick cooling of the thermostat. The top and hottom of the casing are provided with lugs y which serve" to hold the thermostat against displacement in a vertical plane.- The bottom h of the casingis hinged at one side and provided with a link and eccentric lock j at the opposite side, so that the casin may be readily opened for introduction and removal of the-several parts. The inside line of the bottom iii-is shown in Figs.- 3 and 4 passing between the opening 1- and the support for the foot of the reversing shaft N. The air which enters the. opening fp'asses otitat the upper part of the back of the casing tll'lOl lgll ali opening Zywhich is cov ered by a hoodl containing a thin wire screen 2: as in Figs. 12. 13. 18 and 20. the construction being silnilar to that employed in the well known Gold ventilating trap.

The construction described is of advantage in that the complete apparatus is arranged horizontally under the floor of the car so as to take very little vertical space. and so as to arrange the automatic admission valve on its side, and to prevent the existence of pockets such as exist when the valve is ad ranged with its stein vertical, which pockets catch a certain amount of Water in a place where it is liable to freezeand interfere with the correct operation of the system. By arranging the valve horizontally as shown, such pockets are avoided. and by giving to the valve and to the horizontal branch G in- Which-it is located. a slight pitch toward the train-pipe, all water of condensation there for a considerable time.

taming of the admission valve open causesflows back into the train-pipe; and the pocketing and freezing of this water is avoided Preferably also the discharge valve end bf the I regulating apparatus is pitched a little 16Wer than the. admission valve end,- so as to p'errfni'tthe apparatus to be placed as close up under the car as pos sible the casing of the regulating mecha- 'nisn'ibeing, larger than the casing of the admission valve.

The apparatus is capable of conversion into a simple. vapor system by a slight change which causes the discharge valve to remain always open, as for exam le, by s1mply taking out the packing of t e discharge valve Pas shown in Fig; 6. so that.

in all positions the discharge would take place freely through the seat Q. Or the valve P might be substituted by a simple plate P, Fig. 7, in place of the discharge valve, the plate P being of less thickness so that it cannot cover the discharge opening.

through the seat Q, but serves to hold the back of the expansible vessel 0 so. as to cause the operation of the admission valve as previously described. Various other devices inay be adopted for providing a backing for-the 'expansible vessel Without efiecting a closure of the discharge opening when the device is released. These constructioiis provide not only for the operation of the system automatically as a vapor system when the eccentric is in the position of Fig.

6, but also for the free passage of steam. throi'igh the system to blow it off by turn mg the eccentric t0 the opposite position. This capability of blowing out the vapor system is very useful, a train is carried on a siding and stands The mainthe full pressure of the steam from the train-pipe to blow through the radiator in the car so as to blow out all the water therein, and to avoid freezing when the car is subsequently detached from the source oi steam. It is important in utilizing parts of the apparatus in this way to retain the head R- or some other suitable means for limiting the expansion of the expansible vessel, because without such alimiting means the side of the vessel might be pressed out so far as to prevent its return to its original position upon subsequent cooling. The automatic admission valve and its connections to the regulating apparatus niay also be omitted or neutralized and important featnres of the invention retained in its control of the discharge valve and its capability of use for blowing off the system. In this case the head \Vor some other suitable means for limiting the expansion of the thermostatic vessel, should be provided. The sys- .tem might then be operated as a pressure for example where let the removal from the valve proper T of the packing, shown at 'I in Fig. (3, so that there can be no closureof the admission valve. With the admission valve constantly open in this way the system may be operated as an ordinary pressure system. The turning of the eccentric to the position of Fig. 9 would hold the discharge valve permanently open and permit thestcam to flow freely through the system so as to blow it out thoroughly. The turning of the eccentric to the opposite position would result in the operation of the mechanism as an automatic steam trap, the discharge valve opening to permit the escape of water of condensation when the thermostat c ols and the thermostat expanding soon as the steam commences to escape and reclosing the valve. As compared with the ordinary construc tionusing a separate blowbfl valve in addition to the automatic discharge trap, this mechanism cuts out one valve with the costof its maintenance in good repair.

Instead of cutting out the packing from the regular admission valve T, various other means may be employed for renderin this valve inoperative. For example, as s own in Fig. 10, a dummy or ring T may be fastoned on the valve stem and may be of such slight thickness asto leave the valve open in all positions of the stem.

Figs. 8 and 11 indicate the manner of control of the apparatus shown in Figs. 6 and 9 respectively. The handle N, like that shown in Fig.2, may be fixed or removable on the squared head of the shaft N, and the shaft carries an arrow which points to the proper position marked on the ring N In Rig. 8 there are only two important posi tions of the arrow, one for opening the blowoff and the other for causing the system to operate with vapor. In Fig. 11 there are ony two important positions, one for blowing off the system and the other for causing it to operate under pressure. In Fig. 2, however, the pressure and vapor positions are opposite each other and the intermediate position. for the blow-off, is marked. By designing the valves and the eccentric and the intermediate parts so as to allow a free passage through both valves in the inter-' mediate position of the eccentric, the necessity of the ordinary blow-oft is avoided,.

When the arrow points to this intermediate position the eccentric is in one of its halfway positions, and both valves'are held open slightly but rigidly, notwithstanding the tendency of the thermostat to expand. The steam from the source of supply flows under supply-pipe pressure through the sys-' tem to secure the desired clearing out.

It is proposed to provide dummies P T for replacement of the discharge valve and the admission valve proper with each apparatus, so that it can, 111 accordance with the pounds or less theweight tilts the valve and wish of the railroad, be installed as a simple pressure system or as a simple vapor system. Substilute index rings ofthe sorts shown. in Figs. 8 and 11 may also be provided. However, if they are not provided the ring of Fig. may be used. If the sys tem is made permanently into a pressure system it is only necessary to turn the pointer to Pressure when heat is desired and to any other point substantially distant from Pressure when a blow-off is desired. Similarly, if the system is arranged to act permanently as a vapor system it is only necessary to turn the pointer to Vapor or to some other substantially distant point of the scale, in accordance with the operation desired.

- Instead of an automatic trap a drip arrangement may be used which provides an opening so small as to permit the discharge of water of condensation at the same rate that it accumulates, and without the loss of any. quantity of steam. Fig. 13 shows such a construction. Here instead of the valve I of the previous figures there is substituted a valve P provided with a small groove m through which the water of condensation can escape at about the same ratethat it accumulates. The valve P is preferably connected rigidly with the oblong ring a by which the act-ionis transmitted from the eccentric Z to the dicharge side of the expansible vessel, the ring'c which is directly draws up or holds up water in the pipes ,to a certain extent and introduces a liability of freezing. To prevent this by immediately breaking any vacuum which may be formed for this purpose, I prefer to use agravity operated trap of the style shown in my Patent, No.. 522,253, July 3, 1894. Arrange ments of such a trap are shown in Figs. 3' and 14 respectively. ,The trap comprises a valve nhaving a stein 0 at the end of which is a weight 7) designed to tilt the valve and thus form an opening between the valve and its seat so. as" to let in air and break the vacuum. lVhen there isa pressure within the pipe the valve or is held flat against its seat. IVhen the pressure falls to one ortwo admits air. In order to avoid the escape of any material quantity of steam through this gravity trap when the system is working as a vapor system (and there is no pressure in the pipes) so that a suflicient quantity of (:l-ischarging steam shall pass through the. thermostat O, a guard is provided such as the pocket 1 of Fig. 3 or the inclined wall r of Fig. 14, which prevents the steam from flow- 130 plicable not only to systems in which the heating toward the gravity trap. As there is no substantial back pressure upon the steam it will not flow in any material quantity through the gravity trap; but as soon as the discharge valve is closed and the system opera-ted under pressure a back presure of steam will close the gravity trap.

The term steam is used herein. to indicate not only pure steam, but mlxtures such as steamand air which are sometimes circulated in heating systems. The invention is apis radiated directly from the steampipes into the atmosphere of' the car or other apartment, but also to systems employing other means of radiation such, for example,

as the indirect system in which the steam is used to heat water which is circulated, and

the heat from which is directly radiated into the atmosphere. 1 The term radiating system or radiator is used herein to apply f either to the system radiating heat of the steani'd-irectly into the atmosphere, or to-the system radiatingthe heat of the steam indirectly, through water, into the atmosphere.

Fig. 15, for example, shows an embodiment of-the invention comprising all of the several features hereinabove enumerated. Themeclianism beneath the floor of the car, the train-pipe A, branch C, automatic admissior. valve H, discharge pipe M, thermostatic mechanism within the casing J, and gravity trap indicated as a whole bywthe letter .9, are the same as in Fig. 1.--' The vertical branch D of the admission pipe passing through the floor of the car leads'through the hand stop; valveG .to-a double coil 't and' thence through the branches K, L and M to the discharge. 40

- u and -v, the water passing through the \Vater is circulated through any style of radiator by means of the pipes outer pipe of the double coil it while the Y steam passes through the. inner pipe of the same coil; and the water passing thence through a pipe in, reservoir a: and pipe y to the-radiator pipe -u. At preferably the low- ,est point of .the piping leading from the automatic admission valve up into the car.;.

as at the bottom of the vertical pipe D, there is located a second gravity trap s which serves to empty water from the portion of the piping between the automatic admission valve H and the stop valve G, this gravity trap being adjusted to remain closed under even the very slight pressure in which the steam passes through the automatic admission valve when the system is worked as a vapor system. Of course a certain amount of pressure. at the admission pipe is necessary to force the steam through the pipes even when the discharge .end is open, as in working under a, vapor system. The ad- 'usting-shaft N is'preferably provided with a handle N under the floor of the car' and,

tute for the inside handle N or for use in connection therewith. This handle may be set before the train starts so as to determine for the entire run the manner in which the system shall operate.

WVhen thesystei'n is operated 'under pressure this pressure will ordinarily be that in the train-pipe. The train-pipe pressure fluctuates considerably, however, and a lower and more uniform pressure maybe desired. In that case a pressure reducer may be inserted at any suitable point in the admission pipe'which supplies steam to the radiator,

so that this supplypipe ressure will be of the desired degree and uni ormity. The term supplypipe pressure is used herein to refer to the pressure secured by such a pressure reduger, or to the train-pipe pressure when no such pressure reducer is used. Such a pressure-reducing valve is shown, for example, at z in Fig. lgiand may be adjusted to any desired pressure within the range permitted by, the pressure in the train-pipe. This feature of construction is not claimed herein, being claimed in my previous application, No. 455,470;

. The thermostat of Fig. 15 is slightly different from that of the previous figures; involving a separation of the heat'receiving and the expanding functions respectively so that each is accomplished more .efliciently. Suitable mechanism of this character ,is

shown in the vertical sectional views, Figs.

mostatic device is of acharacter similarto that shown in several of my prior applications for patent, (No-455,470, filed September 30, 1908, and others). It comprises (according to Fig 15.) a vessel .0 substantially the same as the vessel 0 of Fig. 12, except that it does not necessarily contain any substantial quantity of thermostatic liquid, and

a coil 10 communicating by a pipe 11 with the lower part of the expanding vessel 0. The coil 10 is a spiral surrounding a core, 12 comprising a pipe with openings therethrough for-the heat escaping from the system to gain access to the inner cylindrical.

face of the thermostatic coil. The supporting-core 12 of the coil is preferably a continuation of the pipe 13 through which the discharging heating medium passes. The coil may of course be mounted in'various ways to provide access for the discharging heating medium thereto. At the same time it is exposed to the atmosphere very freely, is ex tremely sensitive and is readily applied to existing systems, and has numerous other advantages referred to in detail inmy aforesaid prior applications. With this mechanism the ventilating arrangements for the mechanism within the casing J are not essential. A sufficient action of the cold air is secured by the exposure of the coil 10. The ventilating opening is and hood Z may therefore be retained as in the figure, or omitted. The

construction of the thermostatic means.

other parts of the apparatus are the same as in Fig. 12 and need not be referred to again in detail.

Fig. 17 shows a further variation in liihe nstead of a single expansible vessel, two of such vessels, Q and O are employed connected to each other by a tube 14.- which in turn-is connected to the tube 11 leading to the coil 10 carrying the thermostatic liquid and exposed within to the heating medium and without to the air. Thus the parts 0?, O and 10 are parts of a single thermostat. The arrangement serves to provide a fixed upper end for the tube 11. The inner faces of the expansible vessels 0 and bear against a fixed support such as a cross piece .15 'extending between the side walls of the casing and fitting closely between the two expanding vessels. The other parts of the apparatus are the same in construction and operatiori as for Fig. 16. The oblong ring a which connects the rings 1) and c for transmitting the motion of the eccentric to the discharge valve, is of course elongated because of the greater distance between the parts I) and 0. Vith the parts in the position of Fig. 17, for vapor operation the vessel 0 is held fast andall the expansion takes place in the vessel 0 thus actuating the admission valve. With the eccentric turned inthe opposite position the admission valve would beheld open and the ex-.

pansible vessel 0 held fast while the vessel 0 would be permitted to expand to actuate the discharge valve. The two vessels 0 and 0- arranged as in Fig. 17, may also be used as a substitute for the single vessel 0 of Fig. 12 without the common coil 10,

the thermostatic liquid being carried directly in the expansible vessels.

In Figs. 18, 19 and 20, I show a construc tion which presents improvements 'in detail over the constructionsdescribed in the previous figures. These figures represent the preferredform of the invention in so far as thedetails in question are concerned, and the improvements in these details may gen:

erally be applied to any of the construc-.

tions shown in the previous figures. The improvements are shown in connection with a mechanism 'of the same .type as in Figs. 3 and. 4. The throw of the eccentric is slightly increased in order to .give "larger openings of the valves. The casing -J is provided with two ventilating openings at the sides instead of the one at the back.

of locating the outside handle N 3 of this from the upper face of the handle or arm N and adapted to click intothe depressions N which are formed in the under face of the 'casing J at the two extreme positions and the intermediate position of the shaft. By this means the operator within the car can feel when the shaft is set accurately for the desired operation. .A further improvement is the provision upon each of the side portions of'the oblong ring a of a long bear- 17. Pins 18 pass through the bearing portions 17 of the oblong ring and serve as guides therefor. The discharge valve P is attached to its'seat Q bymeans of a pin 19, allowing the necessary play between the valve and its seat, the seat having a spider,

through the hub of which the pin 19 passes.

The spring S for forcing the valve away from its seat is located about the pin 19. This construction insures the holding of the valve. in place when the thermostat is removed forany purpose.

The pipes depending below thecasing J in Figs. 16 and 17 have, besides the functions previously described, an advantage in that they convey the dischargin steam to a point considerably below the oor of the car, and insure a certain amount of condensation before discharging it into the surrounding atmosphere. This is important in order to prevent, as far as possible, the steam from injuring the paint or varnish on the car. When a considerable volume of steam'is emitted, as in blowing out the pipes for example, the hot moisture frequently damages the paint or varnish, and this is especially the case where it is discharged close up under the floor ofthe car, whence it travels sidewise and upward along the varnished side of the car. Such pipes may therefore be advantageously used without the coil. An example of this construction is shown in Fig. 18, where a sheet metal pipe 20, preferably flared atits lower end, is r veted upon a thimble 21 screwed into the bottom of the casing. "In the construction of these figures also there is shown a convenient mode of attaching the pressure trap s by mounting it in a short fitting or length of pipe M whioh is bolted upon the discharge end of the casing and is connected to the discharge pipe M.

Vvhat I claim is: A

1. A steam heating system including in combination radiating pipes, an admission valve, a discharge Valve, a thermostat exposed to the heat of the heating medium after it has passed through said radiating pipes and arranged to exert a closing pressure in opposite directions. simultaneously upon the respective valves, and means for alternatively preventing closing movement of said valves;

2. A steam heating system including in combination radiating pipes, an admission valve, a discharge valve, and a thermostat exposed to the heat of the heatingmedium after it has passed through said radiating pi es and arranged to .act on one of said va ves andto react against the other simultaneously, and means for alternately hold-' I ing said valves open in position to form rebearing against said valves and'exposed to the heat of the heating medium after it has" stat and causing it to act alternatively on action abutments forsaid thermostat.

3. A steam heating system including 'in' combination radiating pipes, an admission valve, a discharge valve, and'a thermostat passed through said radiating pipes, and

mechanism for alternatively providing-dif-' ferent reaction abu-tments forsaid thermosaid valves. v I

4. A steam heating system including in combination radiating pipes, anadmission valve, a discharge valve, and a thermostat exposed to the heat of the heating medium after it has passed through said radiating pipes, said valves being normally held open and pressed against opposite sides of said thermostat, and means for holding one of said valves in its said normal position and leaving the other :free to receive the expansive movement of the thermostat.

' 6. A steam heating-system including inv combination a radiator, a thermostatic vessel free to expand in opposite directions and having opposite sides adapted to expand.

outward, and means forfproviding abutments alternatively upon the opposite side faces of said vessel so as to cause the entire expansion to take place in the opposite direction, and means for utilizing such expansion alternativelyfor controlling the admiS- sion and the discharge of the heatingv agent to and from the radiator.-

steam heating system including a thermostatic vessel 0, a discharge valve havingiahead R atone side of said vessel,

an admission-valve having a head W at the opposite side of saidvessel, a ring a surrounding said-vessel and having a portion adapted to engage said head R, a reversing rod N andfmeanscarried thereby for shifting said ring to releasefthe headR and at the-same time holding theheajdfW fixedly in place against the vessel and for releasing the-head "W'fand shifting the ri g a to 'hol the head It fixedly against, the .vessel.'

. 8. 'A steam heating systemv including an admission valve, a discharge valve, means for" holding either of said valves open at will, automatic means for causing the. other to act under the influencelof steam adjacent to the discharge end of .the'system, a trapin' said system held closed by a slight pressure, and a deflector positioned adjacent to the outlet of the trapand arrangedto-de flect the steam past said trapinits-passage to the discharge valve, and permitting the escape-of steam or Water when the discharge l valve is closed.

9, A steam heatin' diating pipes, an a mission valve, a dis toope'n and close automatically and adjusting means for holding either of saidvalves open. at will said discharge valve being removableand replaceable by a dummy to cause the discharge to remainalways open.

l0. A steam heating system including radiating pipes, an admission valve, a discharge valve, means for causing said valves system including. g

charge valve, means for causing said valves to open and close automatically and adjusting means for holding either of said valves open ,at will, said admission valve being re. movable and .replaceable by a dummy to cause the admission to remain always open.

In Witness whereof, I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

EDWARDE. GOLD. JVitnes'ses:

D. .Anrnonv USINA, FRED WHITE. 

